Steps for Successful Crm Implementation free essay sample

Check out prospective vendors financials and customer references; eliminate any that appear shaky. Talk to peers who have more experience in the CRM area, search Web sites and peruse publications. Many hosted CRM vendors offer 30-day free trials. Get an independent perspective from an independent CRM consultant, too. With a roadmap in place and your needs defined, you can come up with a manageable list of RFP-worthy vendors. 7. Apply the 80-20 rule in the selection process. Dont get snowed under by competing vendors feature-function wars.Youve already determined your top needs and priorities: stick to that list and determine which vendor can best meet those needs before you get sidetracked with the nice-to-have but not essential features. Compare how vendors stack up in terms of solution strengths and weaknesses. Have vendors spell out terms and conditions, thorough document pricing, training, methodology, milestones and metrics for a successful deployment. Finally, listen to your intuition, and select a vendor that you think will be as responsive to your needs, after the sale is closed. We will write a custom essay sample on Steps for Successful Crm Implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Keep everyone in the loop. Once youve made a selection, err on the side of over-communicating. Get internal evangelists involved early, and encourage input along the way as you roll it out. Offer flexible training options to help accommodate different schedules and learning preferences. This will also speed adoption and produce benefits more quickly. 9. Learn, adjust and evolve. Develop a mechanism to monitor use, get feedback and adapt the solution as necessary to make sure its evolving with business and customer needs.Depending on the type of CRM package youve deployed, you can use surveys, ongoing education, user groups and other venues to stay on top of how these needs are changing, as well as what types of adaptations the solution will need over time. CRM is an essential driver for CEM By Kaveh Abhari, USM Customer Experience Management is highlighted as a process of creating value to achieve business success in the future. In this respect, getting deeper understanding of CEM and its foundation as well as relevant organizational requirements are vital for implementation.In this post, it is tried to shed light on CRM position. Due to CRM limitations, it cannot be considered as an umbrella term for CEM; however, CRM capabilities can prepare appropriate setting and drive CEM. Hence, CRM is regarded as an grandparent for CEM and CEM is proper complement fo r CRM weaknesses; but, How? CEM provides a holistic approach to enhance customer relationships by utilizing all organizational functions – from innovation to manage frontline employees (Kiska, 2002). CRM is empowered by information technology to enhance customer experience especially during direct interaction with firm.CRM facilitates customer interface design by helping firms to personalized service at touch points. It also encourages customers to develop their interaction with firm and share their emotional and rational expectations. Customers, while have fruitful relationships with firm, increase their interactions; and as result the chance of engaging with the brands would be increased. On the other hand, effective relationship at entire touch points can create memorable experiences, which positively drive future decision-making.CRM is also helpful in improving customer awareness of the brand. Noticeably, strategic approach to CRM makes firms to focus on improving the customer experience with the brand across all physical and electronic touch points (Calhoun, 2001). Additionally, concerning observed elements in developing relationship reinforce the emotional impacts of experience during interaction. Hence, we can nominate CRM as an foundation to express preferable brand image, superior value, and functional as well as symbolic meanings of offering.These results are the initial part of what CEM looks for, through applying brand experience management. In short, CRM facilitate CEM implementation in three steps: first understand experimental customer needs in relationship, second build relationships based on customer insights, and finally suggest values and memorable experience (Venkat, 2005). These steps help marketing practitioners to meet brand promise and accordingly strengthen active relationships. Customer relationship complete the learning cycle in organization and result relevant knowledge about customer entire desires.

Biological Beginnings and Infancy Essays

Biological Beginnings and Infancy Essays Biological Beginnings and Infancy Paper Biological Beginnings and Infancy Paper A lot have been said about how hereditary and environmental factors influence the individuality of each person. There are also plenty who argue on the importance of heredity over environment, and vice versa, in terms of the degree of influence they have on an individual’s physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects, to name a few. However, much emphasis is given on the importance of the interaction of heredity and environment in the production of individual differences. Although many human characteristics are obviously influenced by heredity, these predispositions may lead to a number of developmental outcomes depending on the environment in which the person grows up in. Rather than thinking about it as nature versus nurture, more emphasis must be given on the ways in which these influences combine or interact to promote developmental change and eventually the individual differences that distinguish one person from another. The development of an individual can be better understood when one considers the several determinants of development. Heredity-wise, there are biological factors believed to be the inherited general biological code passed on to infants from their parents. There are general inheritances or those which make up any species; there are also specific attributes that are transmitted from one family from one’s family or ancestors to the next which distinguishes them from others. Aside from biological determinants, there are also environmental determinants that play a powerful role in individual development. There are physical determinants that include essential yet mundane features; there are also social determinants that include all the effects that people have on others. Prior to infancy, heredity already plays an important role in the individual’s development. This is evident as early as pregnancy when chromosomes and genes, also the hereditary basis of life, combine during conception which then determine the traits that make each individual unique. Other factors that affect the mother during pregnancy such as genetic, environmental, and interaction factors, and maternal-fetal blood incompatibility also affect human development later on. Infant’s physical development is first noted by the infant’s weight and height, the latter being already one-third of the individual’s final adult height. Different body parts and bones also grow at different rates; the gradual progress is also evident in the growth and development of the infant’s muscles and bones. Although generally, an infant’s physical development is regarded as highly biological in nature, one cannot attest that the environmental influences such as a clean and health environment, nutritious and sufficient milk supplements, and a warm and caring environment also affect the child’s physical growth. Parents and families who can provide proper nutrition and a safe dwelling are believed to play a role in the physical progress of infants. One’s hereditary make-up can be enhanced by the proper environmental atmosphere for optimal physical growth. An individual’s cognitive development is marked by changes that occur in the person’s mental skills and abilities between birth and early adulthood, which is believed to be the period when cognitive growth is completed. Piaget, a popular psychologist , espouses that intelligence is a biologically oriented perspective; this means that imbalances between one’s mental abilities and the environment stimulate cognitive activity and intellectual growth. During early infancy, cognitive development is marked by certain reflexive reactions which are primarily reactions in terms of the infant’s reflexes. These reactions then progress into active searching, not present during birth, to allow groping and discovery. Between 1 to 4 months, infants learn to alter reflexive behavior and active searching into more coordinated hand-mouth, eye, and eye-ear movements. From the 4th to the 8th month, the most significant and observable cognitive response manifested by infants is their ability to repeat events that they deem interesting. As the infant approaches his/her 1st birthday, more significant cognitive milestones become more apparent such as the ability to adapt to new situations and eventually solve small problems on his/her own. Developmental experts agree that an individual’s social and emotional developments begin early in life. It is believed that the kinds of emotional relationships that infants develop with their close companions affect the ways they relate to other people and also the way they handle these relationships later in life. It is believed that the major social and emotional milestone of infancy is the development of ties between infants and their closest companions. Further, it is believed that infants pass through several stages as they develop close ties with their caregivers. Very young infants are largely asocial, but as they move towards their 6th month, they begin to   prefer human company no matter who these people may be. Later on, infants develop specific attachments, evidenced by protests when separated from particular individuals. These initial specific attachments then give rise to multiple attachments; and each attachment may serve slightly different functions from the other.

American Colonies

The American Revolution can be considered as the most important event within American history. Through this event, a collection of colonies transformed themselves into a unified government and society, one that embarked on the longest and most successful demonstration of democracy in world history. During the 18th century, England and France were embroiled in a series of wars that were ultimately meant to establish one or the other as the dominant European force. The first three wars had no true impact on the colonies, but the last war – the French and Indian War – would lead to a huge change in the relationship between the colonies and England. During the early years of the war, prior to 1758, the colonists continued trading with the French while refusing to contribute money to the British war effort. The first problem was solved through the efforts of the William Pitt, Prime Minister of England. He offered to reimburse the latter for part of any war expenses they incurred on behalf of England. The second issue resolved itself through victories the English had in Canada and the Caribbean. Unfortunately, the English did not realize that their war policies would end up putting their realm in severe debt. Once it was realized, however, it opened the door for reform programs that would ultimately push the American colonies to seek independence from England. Following William Pitt as Prime Minister were several men, all of whom tried to enforce strict laws on the American colonies with the goals of replenishing the English treasury and reestablishing English authority over the colonies. The first of these men was George Grenville, who became Prime Minister following William Pitt. Grenville assessed the situation in the following manner: the colonies had an extremely light tax burden as compared to that being endured by the English; therefore, it would be logical for the prosperous colonies to share in the expenses that had been racked up trying to defend and protect them. Grenville further discovered how lax the royal customs service in the American colonies was. This, combined with the need for England to replenish its treasury, lead to the implementation of several acts that would meet with ever increasing anger and protest on the part of the American colonists. First, Grenville saw to it that the Navigation Acts that had been ignored for so long were now implemented to the last letter. Next was the passage of the Sugar Act in 1764, which put new taxes on foreign imports such as wine, textiles, coffee, indigo, and sugar. The goal behind this particular tax was to bring in enough money to offset the expenses of â€Å"defending, protecting and securing† (Shi Tindall, 2007) the colonies. Following the Sugar Act was the Currency Act of 1764, which put a stop to the colonies printing their own paper money. Following the implementation of the Sugar Act was the Stamp Act of 1765. This act stated that all printed material within the colonies had to had a revenue stamp on them. The final act implemented by Grenville was the Quartering Act, which applied to all colonies, but most seriously affected New York. It required that soldiers of the British army be given lodging within the homes of any colonial family at any given time. In the minds of the colonists, all these various acts infringed on their rights. They strongly believed that England had no right to tax them if the colonists had no representation within the English Parliament. Therefore, each act that was passed was met with great protest and outrage within the colonies. Eventually, the slogan that could be heard throughout the colonies was: â€Å"No taxation without representation† (Shi Tindall, 2007). The outrage over the various acts, particularly the Sugar and Stamp Acts, ultimately led to the downfall of Grenville, and the repeal of these two offensive acts. However, Grenville’s successor went down the same path in passing the Townshend Acts. These laws were intended to bring the colonies, particularly New York, to heel. Instead, they simply increased colonial resentment and resistance. Yet, the level of resentment and resistance varied among the colonists. John Adams stated during the first Continental Congress that, with regard to where the colonists stood on independence, one third were for independence, one third were against independence, and the final third were undecided. Adams was extremely accurate in this statement. From the start, there had been a select group of colonists that agitated for immediate independence in response to the way Parliament and England treated them. Just as adamant were a group who believed that the colonies owed everything to England, and therefore, could not see breaking away from England as a good thing. Finally, there was the group who could not decide either way. Like all undecided groups, they could see valid points on each side of the issue, but were unable to make a definitive choice. Ultimately, one of the deciding factors that rallied all the colonists to approve gaining independence from England was Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. In this pamplet, Paine outlined points that the majority of the colonists agreed with. He did not just attack Parliament, but also the concept of monarchy. For Paine, the responsibility for the troubles in the colonies did not just lay at the feet of Parliament, but also at the feet of King George III himself. Paine used his pamphlet to present the following conclusion: â€Å"Americans should consult their own interests, abandon George III, and declare their independence† (Shi Tindall, 2007). Another aspect that unified the majority of American colonists in seeking independence was the outbreak of war in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. These two battles occurred before a formal break with England had been pronounced. The fact that English soldiers would attempt to initiate warfare with the colonists before they had even completely decided on breaking away from England was more than enough evidence that England did not have any consideration for the colonial point of view. Therefore, the formal break England thought would never occur did occur via the writing and proclaiming of the Declaration of Independence in July of 1776. Overall, the American Revolution occurred for one reason: it was the right time and moment to establish country that ruled in a manner completely different from the norm of monarchy. Many of those watching the Revolution unfold believed it was nothing more than an experiment in the misguided concept of democracy that would ultimately fail. Yet, that it did not fail is a testament to the hard work of and constant discussing and debating of the issues by the colonists. They took what they felt was best from monarchical government and adapted it to fit into a new, democratic form of government and society, one in which all inhabitants of that society would have a say in the governing of that society. This is the legacy of the American Revolution: the ability of Americans to utilize the democratic process in governing of America. Shi, David Emory and Tindall, George Brown. America: A Brief Narrative History- Volume One. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2007.

Resource Allocation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Resource Allocation Report - Essay Example the project lifecycle.   Resource management begins with project initiation, when resource needs and strategies must be analyzed, specified and accepted as part of the project "charter" (IT Tool Kit, 2010). Above definition indicates that the term ‘resources’ does not only mean human resources or labor but it also covers other requirements of the project like raw material, electronics, costs, time, efforts, etc. there can be a number of things which can fall under the term ‘resources’. Resource planning falls in the initiation phase of the project life cycle where project/program manager needs to plan a feasibility of the requirement based analysis in order to form a project team, set deadlines, figure out possibility of the assigned timeline, calculate estimated costs, etc. once initial planning is done, allocation comes in. A program resource management is generally designed to have a direct connection to the overall corporate strategic plan. Composed of a series of similar projects, the goals of all projects within the program are typically consistent with one or more enterprise level strategic components (Tech Republic, 2005). Since project management is headed by project managers, resource allocation or assignment of tasks have to be handled by him in order to achieve the desired goals of the overall project. There may be over of under availability of the resources which he has to manage to achieve the three major elements that build the project; scope, budget, and schedule. This is a little different than the program management, according to which program managers have to look at the bigger picture where they have to check the availability of the resources as per all the active projects. If some resource is engaged with a particular project, he has to manage the conflict between project managers to not engage same resource in some other project. To understand project/program resource management clearly, we also need to understand portfolio

Commercial Law Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commercial Law Assignment - Case Study Example In fact, he speaks very little English. This means that Nathan may not be able to make an informed bargain or decision, if he engages in a contract where the other party speaks English due to the limitation in language. On the other hand, John works as a sales representative with a telephone company known as Dubious Connections Pty Ltd. He sells telephone contracts. John was aware that Nathan knew nothing about telephone contracts and that he did not understand most of the matters that are discussed in English. Nathan was influenced to enter into a contract by John, as the latter told the former that there was a special promotion just for that day and that if the former signed that day, he was entitled to a free iOS7.1 telephone. Therefore, Nathan was under undue influence to enter into this contract, given that he did not understand much English to have the capacity of making an informed decision. In addition, John explained the main features of the contract, but he knew that Nathan did not understand most of the details. John did not offer to get an interpreter to explain the terms and conditions of the contract to Nathan, who thought he could terminate the contract any time and simply return the phone. Nathan was not aware that the contract was to run for three years, and terminating the contract at any time during this period, Nathan would have to pay the full contract price of $3,120, plus $ 800, which is the price of the iOS7.1 telephone. However, after two months into the contract, Nathan found out that the additional expense of the monthly phone bill was difficult to manage, given that he received a meager allowance from Red Cross. Nathan now wants to terminate the contract and return the phone. From the aforementioned issues, a determination whether there was a valid contract between Nathan and Dubious Connections Pty Ltd is made. Also, the remedies available to Natha n are outlined and discussed. Unconscionable conduct

Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity in young children is becoming more and more of a problem in todays society. The effects of this epidemic can be life long, or even fatal. Lack of nutritional education on the nurses behalf, theories on pre-birth influences and ignorance to the long term effects of obesity have lead up to being the main problems when dealing with childhood obesity. The causes of this epidemic range from before the child is even born, to the teenage stages. The role of a nurse is to address health problems of a single person, or poor nutritional habits of a family. It is important to involve the family as a whole when addressing a single person about their weight so that they know that they have their family behind them, supporting them through it all. â€Å"The child is embedded within the family system and therefore, it is very difficult for obese children to alter their dietary or physical habits if not supported by their families.† (Rabbitt 731). If a nurse implements these kinds of strategies when addressing the epidemic, a greater impact of importance would be laid upon the person facing their obesity. There are many theories out in the scientific field that have to do with causes in childhood obesity. We hear about poor nutrition and shortfall of exercise, but we might have looked over the mothers role when she is pregnant. Poor eating habits and not enough exercise are both factors that contribute to the theory: The Developmental Over-nutrition Hypothesis. This theory states that the fetus of and overweight mother is more prone to being overweight as a child due to over exposure of free fatty acids and higher levels of glucose (Ding 0353). Research done by Debbie Lawlor and some of her colleagues has proven an association between BMI of parents and children (Ding 0353). With the statistics that come with this research, we are able to identify core problems with family nutrition and eating habits. The fetus of a mother does not have the choice of what they do or do not eat, so it is the mothers responsibility to make sure that her baby is fed with proper, healthy foods. The amount of obese children in the United States has tripled since the 1980s (Childhood Obesity 1). Not only is it the nurses and mothers job to watch what their child consumes,  but schools play a major role in the epidemic as well. Although schools strongly promote exercise, the food that they are feeding to the children does not help progress their intentions of preventing childhood obesity. When I was in elementary school, we were served fried foods galore. There was never a day that went without some kind of greasy, fatty foods. Convienence also is a major facto when it comes to eating healthy.

Gender Identity Essay -- Sociology, Gender Scheme Theory

The development of gender awareness is fundamental for our sense of self and is also predominant in any assessment made of another person as from birth on people respond differently to males and females. Gender identity can be seen as one of the earliest social categories that children learn to apply to both themselves and other people. This is suggested in Schaffer’s (1996) definition where gender identity is the correct labelling of self and others as male or female. There are three main theories that have been explored which all suggest multiple ways in which gender awareness is developed: Bandura, Kohlburg and the Gender Scheme Theory. Firstly, Bandura (1977) notes that the idea that social influences clearly plays a very significant role in the development of gender identity. Socialization makes children aware that there are differences between male and female, and that these sex differences matter. These social pressures also suggest there are specific gender stereotypes that they are expected to conform to. Nevertheless, it can also be seen that biological and cultural changes interact with these social factors, thus defining how an individual eventually develops the gender identity of a man or a woman. An alternative theory, expressed by Kohlburg (1966), suggests that children are not the recipients of any physical information from social experiences and therefore they search for specific regulations which will explain the way in which males and females are expected to behave. In addition, gender tends to be the first thing a parent wishes to find about their child. It can be suggested that from then on the child will be treated depending on the fact that they are male or female. This is shown in research attempting to cla... ... both masculine and feminine toys. Generally, parents gave positive responses to their pre-school children when they chose same-sex toys but negatively to cross-sex toys, thereby reinforcing their children’s sex role differentiation. On the other hand, according to Fagot (1985), sex-differentiation like that viewed in the previous study was not found in the teachers in charge of a group of 2 year olds. In this study, it was the children themselves who gave their peers engaging in sex-appropriate behaviour positive feedback of one kind or another. Again, boys were more likely to be disapproved of for ‘girly’ behaviour and were thus quickly given the chance of learning what is not male and so encouraging them to drop those behaviours or activities in their repertoire. Nevertheless, there are criticisms of these ‘social influence theories’ on sex role development.

“Midsummer’s Night Dream”: Themes, Symbolism, And Contrast Essay

The fundamental themes of a Midsummer’s Night Dream are magic, dreams, and the difficulty of love. Throughout the play, these universal concepts are nourished in every scene by the recurring use of contrast. Shakespeare’s ideas are represented by his use of symbolisms. A Midsummer’s Night Dream conveys the themes of love, dreams and magic through use of contrast and symbolism throughout the play. When Lysander comments, â€Å"The course of love never did run smooth,† he declares the most important theme in the play, that of the trouble of romance. The romantic situations of the play are out of balance because Lysander and Demetrius are both in love with the same woman, Hermia. This leaves Helena by herself to ponder the nature of love. She says, â€Å"Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind,† because she feels that Demetrius does not see her own beauty because he is so busy thinking about Hermia. In the same way, the relationship between Tatiana and Oberon is out of sync because Oberon wants the Indian boy. Also, an imbalance in nature occurs when Tatiana falls for Bottom’s ass-head. These contrasting scenarios all have in common the potential for harmony amongst all the lovers and finding harmony is the basis of the play and necessary for the expected happy ending. Shakespeare uses magic as a theme when he uses the fairies magic, symbolized by the love potion, to create hilarious situations in the play. The potion is symbolic of the supernatural power of love and contributes to the surreal and fantastic atmosphere of the play. The potion causes havoc, but in the end creates balance amongst the lovers. Dreams are an important theme in the play because they go hand in hand with the magical chaos in the forest. The recurring theme of dreams is evident when the characters try to explain bizarre events in which they are involved. For example, when the lovers are found in the forest and awakened by Egeus, Hyppolyta and Theseus, Lysander says, â€Å"My Lord, I shall reply amazedly, half sleep, half waking; but, as yet, I swear, I cannot truly say how I came here.† It seems that Shakespeare was interested in Dreams and sought to convey that to his audience by the use of fairies and magic in the forest. At the end of the play, Puck says, â€Å"If we shadows have offended,  think but this, -and all is mended, -that you have but slumbered here while these visions did appear. And this weak and idle theme, no more yielding but a dream.† This gives the play a sense of illusion necessary for the audience to experience the play’s surreal and fantastical atmosphere. Contrast or opposition is used throughout the play to develop the structure of the play’s themes. Oberon is the King of the fairies is ruler over the magical forest. His desires revenge on Titania leads to chaos. In contrast, Theseus, the duke of Athens represents power and order. Also, he is only seen in the beginning and end of the play, and is removed from the happenings in the forest. The land they rule over is also in contrast. Athens symbolizes reason, whereas the forest symbolizes a place of mystery. The best example of visual contrast in the play is when the beautiful, graceful Tatiana falls for the grotesque and clumsy Bottom with the asses-head. Symbols represent abstract ideas. In A Midsummer’s Night Dream, Theseus and Hippolyta represent order. The realm they rule over is that of reason. Oberon and Tatiana rule over a dream realm that symbolizes mystery and uncertainty. The love potion symbolizes the fickle nature of love. The play-within-a-play symbolizes a mirror held up to A Midsummer’s Night Dream itself. In essence, the play is making fun of itself. Shakespeare’s uses powerful themes, symbolism and contrast to create a fantastical realm of dreams and illusion. The lighthearted structure of the comedy lets the audience know that a happy ending is at hand and leaves the spectator at ease to ponder over love’s difficulty, the magic or supernatural power of love, and what is illusion or dream.

AP Government Essay

527 Organizations- organizations that raise and spend money to advance political causes Blanket Primary- a primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties Caucus (electoral)- Closed Primary- an election in which voting is limited to already registered party members Coattails- The alleged tendency for candidates to get more votes in the election because their at the top of the ticket. general election- held to choose which candidate will hold office gerrymandering- drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party incumbent- The person already holding an elective office  independent expenditures- spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them malapportionment- drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population open primary- a primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place political action committee- set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations reapport ionment- position issue- an issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions primary election- held to choose candidates for office  prospective voting- voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues retrospective voting- voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office runoff primary- A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary soft money- funds obtained by political parties are spent on party  activities, but not on a specific candidate sophomore surge- an increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection valence issue- An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs Five differences between congressional and Presidential campaigns are Presidential races are much more competitive A smaller portion of people vote in congressional races during off years than vote for the president. Members of congress can do things for their constituents that a president cannot A candidate for congress can avoid being held accountable for the â€Å"mess in Washington† More voters participate in congressional elections The five tasks that one must complete in order to run for the presidency is Get mentioned as someone who is of presidential caliber -travel around the world making speeches like Ronald Reagan which will put you on the radar. Shoot for over 12 in a day Devote lots of time! -Many candidates devote countless amounts of time, in terms of years. It is especially important to start sooner if you are not already known. However, you must be smart about your spending because you don’t want to go broke before the general elections begin! Try devoting a good four- six year of campaigning like Ronald Reagan. Get Money -You need a certain amount of money in order to get your name on the radar. To be eligible for federal matching grants to pay for primary campaign , you must first raise at least $5,000 in individual contributions of $250 or less in twenty states. Get Organized -You will need to raise a ton of money in order to campaign efficiently, but in order to do that, you will need a support system. Getting organized by hiring lawyers, accountants, a press secretary, travel scheduler, advertising specialist, direct mail company, pollster, volunteers and fundraisers will help the candidate stay on top of their game plan. Pick Strategy and themes -Choose your game plan wisely. Whether or not you are an incumbent should also determine what strategy a candidate chooses to take. You must also consider such factors as what type of tone your campaign will have, whether or not it will have a theme, timing, and what audience you would like to target. Incumbents are reelected to Congress over 90 percent of the time Seats are apportioned in each House of Congress according to Article 1 section 2 in the Constitution District boundaries can profoundly affect the outcome of the election due to problems of malapportionment, which is when one district is significantly bigger than than the other, requiring more votes in order to elect a representative. Gerrymandering was also an issue for it draws boundaries in odd shapes which in turn favors one party over another. The four problems to solve in deciding who gets represented in the House is Establishing the total size of the House Allocating seats in the House among the states Determining the size of congressional districts within states Determining the shape of those districts A candidate wins a party’s nomination by gathering enough voter signatures to get on the ballot in a primary election. They win their party’s nomination by getting more primary votes than the next candidate. Seats are reapportioned every ten years. In 1964, the Court ruled that the constitution requires that districts be drawn so that as nearly as possible, one person’s vote would be worth as much as another. Incumbents have the advantage of reelection in Congressional elections Due to the sophomore surge, members of Congress get 8 to 10 percent more votes than when they were first reelected. Two consequences of how congressmen/women are elected are that it produces legislators who are closely tied to local concerns and second, it ensures that party leaders will have relatively weak influence over them. Local orientation of members of congress has important affects on policy making for example, if you have a representative in a certain committee of Congress, your state has a higher chance of directly benefiting from whatever it is the committee can provide. Delegates tend to value reelection  over anything else and seek out committee assignments and projects that will produce benefits for their districts. On the other hand, trustees will seek out committee assignments that give them a chance to address large questions that may not even affect their districts. What works in a primary election may not work in a general election, and vice versa, in part because different elections or caucuses attracts a different mix of voters. The Iowa caucus is the first real test for candidates, so any slip at this caucus is a major disadvantage to the candidate due to the media attention and contributor interest. Primary voters tend to be more ideologically polarized than the average voter. Position issues are issues that are addressed during a candidates running for office in which he or she must make a stand on. These issues tend to share opposing views for the rival candidates and may also split the voters opinion. For example, in the recent election of Obama and Romney, tax cuts and the Obama medicare plan proved to be position issues. Valence issues do not require one to take a side, rather it i nvolves an issue in which everyone agrees, regardless of party identification. For example, in the Romney and Obama election, stronger education and school systems proved to be a valence issue. Television, Debates, and direct mail may influence campaigns in a variety of ways. Depending on the type of person who is absorbing the spots, visuals, and debates. For example, visuals and television newscasts may give the viewer less information than commercial spots. Visuals in some cases on the other hand, can be a vital part in a campaign because they cost very little and as news they may have greater credibility with the viewer. There are two different kinds of elections: general and primary. Primary elections are held to see who shall be nominated to run in the general election as a candidate, and the general election chooses who will take office. Some are closed while others are open,so one may have to declare in advance that they are registered to vote or you can go to an open primary where you decide which party’s primary you would like to participate right there and then. A presidential primary is used to pick delegates to the nominating conventions of the major parties. Candidates can get around â€Å"slips of the tongue† by relying on stock speeches. Since the 1960’s, television was used as a form of contesting campaigns and used largely to conduct campaigns. The internet made possible sophisticated direct-mail campaigning which in turn makes it  possible for a candidate to address specific appeals to particular voters easily and rapidly solicit campaign contributions Sources of campaign money for members of Congress come from their own pockets, private sources, or is raised from individuals, interest groups, or the political parties. For presidential candidates, money sources comes from private donors and the federal government, whereas Congress candidates rely on themselves or private sources to donate. Major Federal Campaign Finance Rules General -contributions and expenditures reported to FEC -Anything over $100 must be disclosed with name, address, and occupation of contributor -Nothing over $100 -no ceiling on how much candidates may spend out of their own money Individual contributions -can’t give more than $2,000 -no gifts exceeding $95,000 every two years. $37,500 goes to candidates Political Action Committees -each corporation, union, etc may establish one -Must register 6 months in advance, have at least 50 contributors, and give at least 5 candidates Ban on Soft Money -no union or corporation can give away own money from treasury to any national party Independent Expenditures -corps, unions, associations, can’t use own money to fund electioneering communications referring to candidates sixty days before gen. Election and 30 days before primary -PACs can fund electioneering up to their limits Presidential Primaries -Federal matching funds can be given to match individual contributions up to $250 or less -candidate must raise $5,000 in 20 states, with contributions of $250 or less Presidential Election -gov will pay all campaign costs up to legal limits of major party candidates and part of the cost of minor party candidates. The 2004 presidential election was unique because of the following factors: the war in Iraq, Bush running for second term which gave him an up in the electoral votes, Bush and Kerry won the same states that Bush and Gore won in 2000, and also  because of the high voter turnout. Minor-party candidates can get federal campaign money if they have won at least 5 percent of the vote in the last election. This has only happened once in 2000 The 1973 Campaign Finance Law created the problems of independent expenditures and soft money. The three changes to the Campaign Finance reform act was the banishment of soft money, raising the limits of independent contributions from $1,000 to $2,000, and it sharply restricted independent expenditures made by corporations, labor unions, and trade associations by restricting these organizations from using their own money to mention a clearly identified federal candidate in advertisement 60 days prior to the general election and thirty days prior to the primary election A suit formed against this law and stated that restricting an organization from mentioning a candidate prior to general and primary elections was a violation of freedom of speech. The Supreme Court upheld almost all of the law and stated it was not a violation. The NORC analysis states that if the recount of votes in Florida had not been halted by the U.S Supreme Court, Bush still would have won, also if hand counts in only four heavily democratic Florida counties had been was granted, Bush still would have won. However, if the same â€Å"equal protection† standard the U.S Supreme Court wanted to use but said there was not enough time, Al Gore would have won 527 Organizations are allowed to spend their money on politics as long as they don’t coordinate with a candidate or lobby directly with that person During peacetime, the state of the economy, the political party affiliation, and the character of the candidates generally decides who becomes presidential The pocketbook vote is the idea that the party holding the White House during good economic times will do well, however if the economy is not doing so well, neither will the party. It is hard to determine who’s pocketbook the voting does because how a person is doing financially will sway their vote on how they believe the good or bad economy will affect them. Besides money, religion, abortion, political reporting, and the vice-presidential nominee does not make much difference in the outcome of the election It is easier for incumbents to raise money because they are already well known to begin with, they can provide services to their districts, send free mail to their constituents, and can get free publicity by sponsoring legislation or  conducting an investigation The Republicans won nine presidential elections between 1968 and 2000 because democrats are not as committed to their parties as republicans are, Republicans have a higher percentage of independent voters, and there is a higher percentage of Republicans voting in the elections. A citizen does not need to be well informed politically to play an important in elections because despite the lack of knowledge in a certain field of politics, citizens ten to know more about the things that interest them. If it was a requirement for every citizen to be so well informed, citizenship in itself would be an occupation, taking up more time in people’s lives than they would want. A prospective voter is forward thinking. They consider both sides of views, including the opponent, and cast their votes for the person they feel will handle the matters more effectively. Perspective voters might focus on big issues such as abortion, nuclear energy, or school busing. A retrospective voter thinks backwardly, meaning they look to the recent past to determine whether or not the economy is doing well. If the economy is doing well, retrospective voters tend to vote for the party that currently occupies the White House, however if the economy was sour, these voters vote against the party in the White House. A prospective voter would focus greatly on economic issues, such as inflation. Campaigns make a difference in elections by reawakening partisan loyalties of voters, giving voters the chance to see how candidates handles pressure and how they apply it, and campaigns also allows voters to judge the character and values of a candidate. Thematic campaigning, negative ads, and the demands of single issue groups have impacted elections in the decision making process of the â€Å"right† candidate during the primary. A loyal coalition of democrats would be African Americans. In almost every election, two-thirds or more vote democratic A loyal coalition of Republicans would be The most loyal members of political parties does not have the most influence because they typically make up a small portion of the electorate. It is very hard to determine how a policies will be affected by elections is because there are so many offices to be filled and the ability it unite political parties under one policy is weak.

The Creation of a Homeschool Transcript

The Creation of a Homeschool Transcript As homeschool programs continue to grow in popularity, more and more questions arise about how to ensure that the educational experience of the child is valid respected by future educational institutions, such as colleges or secondary schools. This often means that the validity of the homeschool transcript, in particular, can come into question, and parents who are creating the programs need to make sure that their transcripts contain the necessary information to accurately reflect their child’s mastery of the material. While homeschool transcripts are, according to state law, considered to be equal to transcripts from public and private institutions, that doesn’t mean that any old transcript will do. Homeschool programs also need to properly address the state requirements for education. If you’re not completing the appropriate course of study, then your transcript isn’t going to help you. It’s important to be able to accurately reflect the course of study taken by your student, as well as how the student performed in her studies. While this all may seem confusing, it doesn’t have to be. Check out these helpful tips for creating a solid course of study and how to create a formal homeschool transcript. State Requirements for High School Graduation Whether you are considering a traditional classroom experience for middle school, high school, or college, it’s important that you know what your state’s requirements are for graduation. Your program of study should work towards meeting those goals and may even provide the opportunity for a student to progress within their studies more quickly than a traditional classroom.  The transcript is how you will document the fulfillment of these requirements. Start by making a list of the courses your child needs to take and create a plan for when and how these courses will be taught. This list can be used to start building your transcript. By addressing these core courses early, you have more flexibility when it comes to designing your program. If your child is excelling in math, for example, this could be an opportunity to provide high school level math courses earlier on, starting in middle school. This can be very helpful if you’re looking to transfer into a public or private high school in the future, or even just in preparation for college. It’s important to regularly check your state’s requirements, as there can be changes year to year, and you don’t want any surprises. If you move, you may find that your new home state doesnt have the same requirements as your previous one. Things you need to determine to include: Years of English (typically 4)Years of math (typically 3 to 4)Years of science (typically 2 to 3)Years of history/social studies (typically 3 to 4)Years of a second language (typically 3 to 4)Years of art (varies)Years of physical education and/or health (varies) You also need to determine if there are core courses that your child is expected take, such as U.S. History, World History, Algebra, and Geometry. Literature and composition courses are often required as well. Determining Grades With Assessments Your transcript needs to include grades, and how you determine those grades is important. As you teach, the program must address the core course requirements, and you should keep accurate records of student performance. By regularly giving quizzes, tests, and graded assignments, you have a way to assess your child’s performance quantitatively, and use those scores to create an average grade that will be used on your transcript. This helps you ensure that you’re adequately assessing skills and mastery, and gives you a way to benchmark progress against performance on standardized tests. If your child takes the SSAT or ISEE or the PSAT, you can compare her grades to the scores. If your student is achieving only average scores on the standardized test but is receiving all As, educational institutions might see this as a discrepancy or a red flag.   Middle School vs High School Transcripts When creating a middle school transcript for the purpose of applying to a traditional secondary school, you likely have a little more flexibility than you might with a high school transcript. In some instances, comments can be used, and can even replace having the standard grades, though some schools may be resistant to comment-only transcripts. For private schools, a comment transcript without grades may be accepted, provided that the student excels on the standardized tests for admission, such as the SSAT or ISEE. Showing grades and/or comments for the past 2 to 3 years may be appropriate, but check with the secondary or middle school you’re applying to, just to be sure, as some may require more than four years of results. But, when it comes to high school, your format needs to be a bit more official. Be sure to include all the courses the student has taken, credits earned from each and the grades received. Stick to the high school studies; many parents believe that adding in high-achieving results from all courses taken in middle school can be a bonus, but the truth is, colleges only want to see high school level courses. If there are high school level courses taken in the middle school years, you should include them to show that the course was fulfilled appropriately, but only include high school level courses. Include the Relevant Facts In general, your transcript should include the following information: Student’s nameDate of birthHome addressPhone numberDate of graduationThe name of your homeschoolCourses taken and credits earned for each along with the grades receivedTotal credits and GPAA grading scaleA place for you to sign and date the transcript It’s important to note that you should not use the transcript as a place to add details or explanations about grade changes or to explain difficulties in a former school. There is often a place within the school’s application for the parent and/or the student to reflect on past challenges, obstacles they have overcome, and why there may be significant jumps in performance within the transcript. As for your transcript, try to focus on data.   Creating an official transcript can be a lot of work, but if you are organized when it comes to your program offerings and diligently track and record your students progress year to year, creating an effective transcript for your child is easy.

INTERMEDIATE MACROECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INTERMEDIATE MACROECONOMICS - Essay Example Even though, restrictive policies are tools used to prevent or reverse inflation, they also reduce the aggregate demand. Tax-based policies employ tax incentives to encourage compliance with specified wage and price policies. The author then talks business cycles which allow the simultaneous pursuit of the steady price level and high employment policy objectives. Furthermore, the author indicates that the interest rate policies are determined by the macroeconomic coordination process in which a leniency in monetary policy can set off an MCP and lower interest rates, while expansionary fiscal policy can set off an MCP and raise interest rates. The chapter then discusses the data problems and policy delays which include the recognition lag, implementation lag and the impact lag associated with the implementation of different policies (Ashby, 2009). Chapter 11 Chapter 11 deals with international issues related to the macroeconomic environment through balance of payments, pegged rates an d domestic policy and flexible rate and domestic policy. The ratio domestic and foreign currency, in this case, dollar ($) and euro (â‚ ¬) is the exchange rate, that is, the international value of the dollar, stated as the euro cost of a dollar.

Therapeutic approaches within multicultural cmmunities Essay

Therapeutic approaches within multicultural cmmunities - Essay Example These are knowledge of oneself i.e. self-awareness, knowledge of other, and the therapeutic practice. We are basically concerned here with Therapeutic approaches within Multicultural Communities (Swanson, 2010). Most of the mental health issues pertain to historical and social issues linked with colonialism. These concerns had have a disastrous intergenerational effect on the communities of First Nations, even though modern Western focused service delivery is the prime focus. Inappropriately, many of the people of First Nations idealize mental health care to be culturally insensitive and inaccessible. The Nations clients are not as prone to come back after first session of counseling as compared to Caucasian clients (Swanson, 2010). In this paper, we extend the historical and socio-political rationale for been the reason to basic cultural differences. This approach to comprehending and working with cultural differences is based on the three sub ideas of multicultural capability. In w hat trails, we will discuss the practice and theory of these domains of multicultural capability as they pertain to counseling the clients of First Nations (McGilloway, 2010). ... The multicultural counseling should endorse client-related other than cultural-related involvements. Giving a distinct treatment for each different group is not a sound decision. Many people of the First Nations are identified with multiple cultures, thus making the matters more intricate at hand. Human centered commonly focuses approaches might be the best approach to balance the scale of modern verses conventional involvements (Gallardo, 2012). Western approaches are still relevant when it comes to counseling of the people of First Nations. The First Nations client usually seems to reject the modern counseling practices but it is dealt with. Certain perspectives of the Western theory are agreeable to be deconstructed and being use for healing processes. For instance, the procedures involved in conventional practices f sharing and healing have certain types of main group therapy. The Western methods of counseling can easily be replaced is not the idea here. However, both contemporar y and conventional methods can be compared and utilized alike. One should keep in touch with multicultural aspect that respects and values the diversity in all arenas. No assumption should be made to predominating the validity or correctness or effectiveness of one aspect of healing over other one. Certainly, when it relates to effectiveness, the therapeutic consequence research immensely relates to rank of a collaborative balance between the model of counselor in counseling and client global view. The balance is needed to determine an optimistic counseling result (Swanson, 2010). Accumulation strategies should be attended to as well. There is a big difference between First Nations people and the main health service providers which outcomes in varying views relating